Neurodegenerative Diseases - A review on Causes, Diagnosis, and Interventions by Siyona Sharma

Neurodegenerative Diseases - A review on Causes, Diagnosis, and Interventions by Siyona Sharma

Neurodegenerative disorders are diseases that cause loss of brain and nervous system function and hence affect the mind and body. They gradually become worse over time. Symptoms include loss of thinking abilities and loss of movement control, as observed in patients. Examples of Neurodegenerative disorders include Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, and Huntington disease. This review looks at the causes, diagnostic methods, and prevention strategies. Among the major factors are ageing related changes in the nervous tissue, abnormal protein folding and clumping in the brain, long‑term inflammation, damage from free radicals, blood vessel-related problems, exposure to pollutants in the environment, inadequate sleep an drug abuse. Diagnosis includes brain scans and clinical tests. New advances in disorders use artificial intelligence to study brain images and to evaluate speech, body movement and thinking patterns. Most neurodegenerative disorders still have no cure. Lifestyle changes like exercise, a controlled diet and certain supplements can slow neurodegeneration and hence related loss of function. In recent years, new ways to treat neurodegenerative disorders, such as stem cell treatments, regenerative medicines and gene therapies, are being used, which look promising, but more studies are needed to use them safely on patients with different types of neurodegenerative diseases.

Introduction

Among many diseases that affect our body, the most prominent ones are those related to the brain, as the brain is the control centre for all our movement and cognitive tasks. These

diseases are seen mostly in old age.

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